Henbane: Hyoscyamus niger ~ Plant Identification
Plant Family & Name
a. Family: Solanaceae.
b. Botanical & Common Name: Hyoscyamus niger is commonly called black henbane or simply henbane. The genus name comes from Greek words associated with “pig” and “bean,” reflecting an old belief about the plant.
Habitat & Ecological Role
Henbane is native to Europe and parts of Asia and has become naturalized in other regions. It commonly grows in disturbed soils, roadsides, waste areas, and dry ground.
Parts Used
Historically, the leaves and seeds were used.
Herbal Actions
Historically described as:
Analgesic
Antispasmodic
Sedative
Narcotic
Anticholinergic
Season
Usually flowers from late spring through summer, depending on climate.
Taste
Not suitable for tasting.
Energetic Qualities
Historically regarded as cooling, drying, sedating, and narcotic.
Indications
Historically associated with:
Pain
Spasms
Toothache
Cough
Neuralgia
Sleep disturbances
Body System Affinities
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Musculoskeletal system
Safety
Henbane contains tropane alkaloids, including hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine. Poisoning may produce anticholinergic symptoms including confusion, agitation, hallucinations, rapid heartbeat, and severe neurological effects.
Not appropriate for home tinctures, teas, smoking preparations, or other self-directed use.
Experience
Henbane has an extensive history in European folk medicine and folklore. Its combination of historical medicinal use and significant toxicity makes it an important plant for studying the boundary between medicine and poison.
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